{"id":2892,"date":"2020-10-31T15:14:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-31T15:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/?p=2892"},"modified":"2024-01-18T21:01:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T21:01:35","slug":"2892-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/2892-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Les effets du sucre sur le cerveau"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2892\" class=\"elementor elementor-2892\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6702b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6702b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e6894a\" data-id=\"4e6894a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d29f0df elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d29f0df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Facebook-Effets-du-sucre-sur-le-cerveau.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7334\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb05450 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb05450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>L\u2019Halloween est la journ\u00e9e par excellence pour se sucrer le bec !\u00a0Saviez-vous que l\u2019attrait parfois irr\u00e9sistible des friandises n\u2019est pas \u00e9tranger aux effets du sucre sur le cerveau ?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La principale source d\u2019\u00e9nergie pour le cerveau est le glucose (un sucre simple entrant dans la composition du sucre blanc) transport\u00e9 par la circulation sanguine (Mergenthaler et coll., 2013). Des \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es chez les rongeurs ont permis d\u2019identifier des neurones sensibles au glucose dans le cerveau, notamment dans l\u2019hypothalamus (Burdakov et coll., 2005; Melnick et coll., 2011). L\u2019hypothalamus est impliqu\u00e9 dans le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019app\u00e9tit et contribue \u00e0 combler nos besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. Des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de glucose dans le sang augmentent l\u2019activit\u00e9 de certains neurones, alors que l\u2019activit\u00e9 d\u2019autres neurones s\u2019en trouve diminu\u00e9e (L\u00f3pez-Gambero et coll., 2019). Ainsi, les neurones sensibles au glucose joueraient un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la r\u00e9gulation en cas d\u2019hypoglyc\u00e9mie ou d\u2019hyperglyc\u00e9mie (c.-\u00e0-d. lorsque le taux de sucre dans le sang est trop bas ou trop \u00e9lev\u00e9), en contr\u00f4lant l\u2019activation du syst\u00e8me nerveux autonome (L\u00f3pez-Gambero et coll., 2019; Sprague et Arbel\u00e1ez, 2011). Celui-ci est responsable des processus corporels se produisant de fa\u00e7on automatique, tels que la digestion et la respiration. Il influence aussi la lib\u00e9ration d\u2019hormones comme l\u2019insuline et le glucagon, qui sont secr\u00e9t\u00e9es par le pancr\u00e9as et dont la fonction est de maintenir un niveau ad\u00e9quat de glucose dans le sang. Le bon fonctionnement de ces m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9gulation est essentiel pour \u00e9viter la survenue de comas hypo- ou hyperglyc\u00e9miques, pouvant se produire chez les personnes diab\u00e9tiques (Guthrie et Guthrie, 2004).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019hypothalamus est <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/speechneurolab\/posts\/2180457368873052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">connect\u00e9<\/a> avec des r\u00e9gions du cerveau qui forment ce qu\u2019on appelle <em>le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compense<\/em>. Ce syst\u00e8me inclut le cortex pr\u00e9frontal, l\u2019amygdale, l\u2019aire tegmentale ventrale et le noyau accumbens, situ\u00e9 dans le striatum ventral (Jacques et coll., 2019; voir la figure 1). Le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compense joue un r\u00f4le dans l\u2019apprentissage d\u2019associations entre des stimuli (p. ex. un aliment sucr\u00e9) et le plaisir qu\u2019ils procurent, la motivation et la recherche de r\u00e9compense (Jacques et coll., 2019).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87304fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"87304fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image_hypothalamus_et_systeme_de_recompense.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2896\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image_hypothalamus_et_systeme_de_recompense.jpg 800w, https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image_hypothalamus_et_systeme_de_recompense-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image_hypothalamus_et_systeme_de_recompense-768x644.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image_hypothalamus_et_systeme_de_recompense-540x453.jpg 540w, https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image_hypothalamus_et_systeme_de_recompense-600x503.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ba8c9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ba8c9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> Illustration de l\u2019hypothalamus et de r\u00e9gions du cerveau formant le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compense.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La consommation de friandises stimulerait le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compense, en raison du go\u00fbt du sucre et de son apport en \u00e9nergie (Freeman et coll., 2018). De plus, la consommation d\u2019aliments sucr\u00e9s pourrait initier une r\u00e9ponse coordonn\u00e9e entre l\u2019hypothalamus et les r\u00e9gions du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compense, et ainsi influencer le choix de nos aliments. \u00c0 cet effet, dans une \u00e9tude d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/imagerie-par-resonance-magnetique-irm\/\">imagerie par r\u00e9sonance magn\u00e9tique (IRM) fonctionnelle<\/a>, des chercheurs ont observ\u00e9 que l\u2019hypothalamus et des r\u00e9gions du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compense (p. ex. le striatum) fonctionnaient de fa\u00e7on plus synchronis\u00e9e chez des participants en sant\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l\u2019ingestion d\u2019un breuvage sucr\u00e9 (Page et coll., 2013).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019activation de ce r\u00e9seau c\u00e9r\u00e9bral li\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation et \u00e0 la recherche de r\u00e9compense pourrait expliquer pourquoi il est plus tentant de succomber aux bonbons d\u2019Halloween qu\u2019\u00e0 une branche de c\u00e9leri !<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences\u00a0:<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burdakov, D., Luckman, S. M., &amp; Verkhratsky, A. (2005). Glucose-sensing neurons of the hypothalamus. <em>Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 360<\/em>(1464), 2227-2235. doi:10.1098\/rstb.2005.1763<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Freeman, C. R., Zehra, A., Ramirez, V., Wiers, C. E., Volkow, N. D., &amp; Wang, G. J. (2018). Impact of sugar on the body, brain, and behavior. <em>Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 23<\/em>, 2255-2266.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Guthrie, R. A., &amp; Guthrie, D. W. (2004). Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Crit Care Nurs Q, 27(2), 113-125. doi:10.1097\/00002727-200404000-00003<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jacques, A., Chaaya, N., Beecher, K., Ali, S. A., Belmer, A., &amp; Bartlett, S. (2019). The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors. <em>Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 103<\/em>, 178-199. doi:10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.05.021<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lopez-Gambero, A. J., Martinez, F., Salazar, K., Cifuentes, M., &amp; Nualart, F. (2019). Brain Glucose-Sensing Mechanism and Energy Homeostasis. Mol Neurobiol, 56(2), 769-796. doi:10.1007\/s12035-018-1099-4<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Melnick, I. V., Price, C. J., &amp; Colmers, W. F. (2011). Glucosensing in parvocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. <em>Eur J Neurosci, 34<\/em>(2), 272-282. doi:10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07742.x<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mergenthaler, P., Lindauer, U., Dienel, G. A., &amp; Meisel, A. (2013). Sugar for the brain: the role of glucose in physiological and pathological brain function. <em>Trends Neurosci, 36<\/em>(10), 587-597. doi:10.1016\/j.tins.2013.07.001<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Page, K. A., Chan, O., Arora, J., Belfort-Deaguiar, R., Dzuira, J., Roehmholdt, B., . . . Sherwin, R. S. (2013). Effects of fructose vs glucose on regional cerebral blood flow in brain regions involved with appetite and reward pathways. <em>JAMA, 309<\/em>(1), 63-70. doi:10.1001\/jama.2012.116975<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sprague, J. E., &amp; Arbelaez, A. M. (2011). Glucose counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia. <em>Pediatr Endocrinol Rev, 9<\/em>(1), 463-473; quiz 474-465.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9f3a53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9f3a53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-03dd10d\" data-id=\"03dd10d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6283c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6283c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lectures sugg\u00e9r\u00e9es:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/chocolat-et-fonctions-cognitives\/\">Chocolat et fonctions cognitives<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/pareidolie-et-halloween\/\">Par\u00e9idolie et Halloween<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/amour-et-communication\/\">Amour et communication<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019Halloween est la journ\u00e9e par excellence pour se sucrer le bec !\u00a0Saviez-vous que l\u2019attrait parfois irr\u00e9sistible des friandises n\u2019est pas \u00e9tranger aux effets du sucre sur le cerveau ?\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[308],"tags":[68],"ppma_author":[55,54],"class_list":["post-2892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-outreach","tag-cerveau"],"authors":[{"term_id":55,"user_id":3,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin-marilyne","display_name":"Marilyne Joyal","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"Joyal","first_name":"Marilyne","job_title":"","description":""},{"term_id":54,"user_id":2,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin-pascale","display_name":"Pascale Tremblay","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ea9e5826afc1fd507cc7b89eaca37953ea310ad30088c3920137ab8e86846244?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"Tremblay","first_name":"Pascale","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2892"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9957,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892\/revisions\/9957"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2892"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agenceconceptk.net\/speechneurolab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}